L.E.A.R.N.
Narrow = Consumable
I remember the first time I tried to learn surface pattern design. I was beyond excited—visions of vibrant, intricate patterns danced in my head. I signed up for a highly recommended online course, expecting to be guided through the process with clarity and ease. Instead, I was hit with an avalanche of information. By the end of the first module, my brain felt like an overstuffed suitcase, desperately trying to keep itself zipped while socks and T-shirts exploded from the seams.
It turns out my experience wasn’t unique. Cognitive science tells us that humans can hold roughly four (plus or minus two) pieces of information in their working memory at any given time (Cowan, 2001). This means that when an online course module bombards learners with too much information at once, it’s like trying to pour an entire gallon of paint into a single teacup—something’s going to spill.
Why Narrowing Focus is Crucial
As artists and designers, we often think in layers, combining elements to create visually rich and engaging compositions. But learning works differently. If we introduce too many new concepts in one sitting, our brains struggle to process and retain them. In an online environment—where distractions are plentiful, and learners don’t have the benefit of in-person guidance—it’s even more critical to keep each module focused and digestible.
Cowan’s research highlights that exceeding the brain’s working memory limit leads to cognitive overload, reducing comprehension and retention. For example, when learning a new software program, if learners are simultaneously introduced to file management, brush settings, layer masks, blending modes, and export options, they will likely retain very little. However, their ability to grasp and recall concepts improves significantly when information is structured in smaller, focused lessons—such as first mastering file setup before moving on to layers.
Imagine a module that introduces the principles of color theory, the technical aspects of creating seamless repeats, the intricacies of working with vector vs. raster graphics, and the business of licensing—all at once. The learner isn’t going to absorb all of it. More likely, they’ll feel overwhelmed, tune out, and retain little to nothing.
Now, consider a different approach: one module devoted entirely to understanding color harmonies, another to the mechanics of seamless repeats, and another to licensing basics. Suddenly, the learner has space to absorb, process, and apply each concept before moving on.
How This Applies to Teaching Surface Design
Let’s say you’re teaching a course on creating repeat patterns in Procreate. Instead of dumping every technique into one lesson, break it down:
- Module 1: Understanding Tile-Based Repeats – Focus on what a seamless repeat is and why it matters.
- Module 2: Setting Up Your Canvas for Success – Walk through Procreate’s specific tools for pattern creation.
- Module 3: Building Your First Simple Repeat – Guide learners through making a basic, effective pattern.
- Module 4: Adding Complexity with Overlapping Motifs – Introduce layering techniques and more advanced composition methods.
Within each module, breaking content down even further into narrowly focused lessons ensures that learners don’t become overwhelmed. For example, instead of covering “Building a Repeat” in one lesson, it could be divided into:
- Lesson 1: Placing Your First Motif – Understanding spacing and arrangement.
- Lesson 2: Checking for Seams – Using Procreate’s tools to ensure a seamless transition.
- Lesson 3: Refining Composition – Adjusting balance and flow within the tile.
By structuring lessons this way, learners build confidence and skill with each step rather than feeling lost in an ocean of knowledge.
Less is More: The Magic of a Focused Module
A well-structured course doesn’t just present information; it scaffolds learning. Studies show that learners retain information better when it's presented in manageable chunks (Sweller, 1988). This is why platforms like Duolingo teach languages in bite-sized lessons rather than expecting you to memorize an entire verb conjugation chart in one sitting.
As surface designers, we understand composition and balance in our work—why not apply the same principles to education? A well-balanced module, like a well-balanced design, guides the eye (or mind) smoothly, preventing cognitive overload and ensuring retention.
So, when structuring your next course—or even your own learning journey—remember: the human brain is not an infinite canvas. Keep your modules focused, your lessons digestible, and your learners engaged. The goal isn’t to overwhelm them with everything you know; it’s to give them just enough to confidently take the next step.
TAKE ACTION: Review your existing/planned course modules and identify any modules where you are presenting more than one topic or focus. Then, do the same for the module's lessons. Where necessary, revise.
References
- Cowan, N. (2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24(1), 87-114.
- Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive load during problem-solving: Effects on learning. Cognitive Science, 12(2), 257-285
